| XLS | 
Net sales, operating result (EBIT) and research and development costs, by business sector1  | 
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€ million  | 
            
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            Healthcare  | 
            
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            Life Science  | 
            
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            Performance Materials  | 
            
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            Group  | 
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2019  | 
            
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Net sales  | 
            
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            6,714  | 
            
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            6,864  | 
            
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            2,574  | 
            
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            16,152  | 
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Operating result (EBIT)  | 
            
  | 
            1,149  | 
            
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            1,280  | 
            
  | 
            307  | 
            
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            2,120  | 
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R&D costs2  | 
            
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            1,666  | 
            
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            276  | 
            
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            267  | 
            
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            2,268  | 
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2020  | 
            
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Net sales  | 
            
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            6,639  | 
            
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            7,515  | 
            
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            3,380  | 
            
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            17,534  | 
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Operating result (EBIT)  | 
            
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            1,804  | 
            
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            1,599  | 
            
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            240  | 
            
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            2,985  | 
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R&D costs2  | 
            
  | 
            1,640  | 
            
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            313  | 
            
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            274  | 
            
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            2,288  | 
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