Total greenhouse gas emissions
XLS |
Total greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1 and 2 of the GHG Protocol)1 |
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|
|
|
|
|
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metric kilotons |
20062 |
2016 |
2017 |
20183 |
20194 |
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Total CO2eq5 emissions |
782 |
681 |
689 |
6666 |
665 |
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Thereof |
|
|
|
|
|
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direct CO2eq emissions |
378 |
384 |
373 |
3536 |
359 |
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indirect CO2eq emissions |
404 |
297 |
316 |
3136 |
306 |
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Biogenic CO2 emissions |
0 |
14 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
Our response to the Carbon Disclosure Project contains a detailed description of our calculation methods.
We have included the following gases in our calculation of direct and indirect CO2eq emissions:
Direct CO2 emissions: CO2, HFCs, PFCs; CH4/N2O negligible; SF6/NF3 not available.
Indirect CO2 emissions: CO2.
In 2019, we emitted 0.041 kg of CO2eq per euro of net sales.
Other relevant indirect greenhouse gas emissions
XLS |
Other relevant indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 3 of the GHG Protocol)1 |
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|
|
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|
2016 |
2017 |
20182 |
20193 |
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Total gross other indirect emissions (metric kilotons CO2eq4) |
426 |
353 |
380 |
373 |
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Fuel- and energy-related emissions, not included in Scope 1 or 2 (category 3) |
127 |
118 |
131 |
127 |
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Waste generated in operations (category 5) |
127 |
68 |
80 |
84 |
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Business travel - air travel (category 6) |
1035 |
98 |
103 |
86 |
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Business travel - rail travel6 (category 6) |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
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Business travel - rental car travel (category 6) |
0.6 |
0.6 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
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Employee commuting (category 7) |
68 |
68 |
66 |
75 |
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Upstream leased assets (category 8) |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
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Processing of sold products (category 10) |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
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Downstream leased assets (category 13) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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Franchises (category 14) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
No data are available for Scope 3 categories not listed above. Their relevance to Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany is assessed in the Scope 3 document.
Biogenic emissions (Scope 3), if present, are not being recorded.
Emissions of ozone-depleting substances
XLS |
Emissions of ozone-depleting substances |
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|
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metric tons |
2016 |
2017 |
20181 |
20192 |
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Total emissions of ozone-depleting substances |
2.2 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
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CFC-11eq3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
Substances included: R-12, R-22, R-123, R-141b, R-401a, R-402a, R408a, R-409a, R-502.
Source for the emission factors: Montreal Protocol.
Other air emissions
XLS |
Other air emissions |
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|
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metric kilotons |
2016 |
2017 |
20181 |
20192 |
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Volatile organic compounds (VOC) |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
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Nitrogen oxide |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
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Sulfur dioxide |
0.05 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
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Dust |
0.02 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
The VOC, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and dust emissions reported here are attributable to production activities as well as energy generation. These figures do not include emissions from vehicles. Emissions are determined partially based on measurements and partially based on calculations or estimates. Only some sites are required to measure individual parameters.
Transport of finished goods, by means of transportation
XLS |
Transport of finished goods, by means of transportation |
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|
|
|
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|
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
20191 |
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% truck |
71 |
73 |
74 |
70 |
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% boat |
18 |
15 |
14 |
19 |
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% airplane |
11 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
The figures contain the volumes of the biggest global distribution centers of our Healthcare, Life Science and Performance Materials business sectors. These figures pertain to the total weight of transported products and indicate the primary means of transport.
In shipping finished goods from our production sites to the local warehouses of our subsidiaries, we have been working to reduce the use of air shipping in favor of sea freight. This change aims to both reduce costs as well as lower transport-related CO2 emissions.
Energy consumption
XLS |
Energy consumption1 |
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In GWh |
2016 |
2017 |
20182 |
20193 |
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|
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Total energy consumption |
2,117 |
2,194 |
2,2274 |
2,240 |
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Direct energy consumption |
1,330 |
1,319 |
1,3234 |
1,339 |
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Natural gas |
1,260 |
1,254 |
1,2574 |
1,273 |
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Liquid fossil fuels5 |
36 |
32 |
32 |
33 |
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Biomass and self-generated renewable energy |
34 |
33 |
34 |
33 |
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Indirect energy consumption |
787 |
875 |
9044 |
901 |
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Electricity |
692 |
729 |
7554 |
756 |
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Steam, heat, cold |
95 |
146 |
149 |
145 |
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Total energy sold |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
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Electricity |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
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Steam, heat, cold |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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|
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|
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In TJ |
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|
|
|
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Total energy consumption |
7,621 |
7,898 |
8,0164 |
8,065 |
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Direct energy consumption |
4,788 |
4,748 |
4,7624 |
4,821 |
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Natural gas |
4,536 |
4,514 |
4,5254 |
4,583 |
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Liquid fossil fuels5 |
130 |
115 |
115 |
119 |
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Biomass and self-generated renewable energy |
122 |
119 |
122 |
119 |
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Indirect energy consumption |
2,833 |
3,150 |
3,2544 |
3,244 |
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Electricity |
2,491 |
2,624 |
2,7184 |
2,722 |
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Steam, heat, cold |
342 |
526 |
536 |
522 |
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Total energy sold |
1.1 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
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Electricity |
1.1 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
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Steam, heat, cold |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
At our sites in Billerica (MA, United States), Bedford (MA, United States), Molsheim (France), Tel Aviv (Israel), Rome (Italy), Guatemala City (Guatemala), Shizuoka-ken (Japan), and Shanghai (China), we use photovoltaics to produce power.
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany currently only records purchased secondary energy – this is primarily electricity and, to a lesser extent, heat/steam/cold. Details on the local energy mix, including the respective percentage of primary energy, renewable energy, etc. are not available. Data on local energy efficiency in electricity or heat generation are not available either. Our production sites are located in countries with a widely varying energy mix.
Our Darmstadt and Gernsheim sites in Germany consume the most energy, representing 28% of our Group-wide total. Here, fossil energy (coal, gas, etc.) accounts for approx. 49%, nuclear energy approx. 13% and renewable energies approx. 38% of the energy mix. Renewable energies account for a higher share of electricity generation at production sites in Switzerland, with nuclear energy taking the lead in France. Based on an estimated global energy efficiency of 37% for the conversion and distribution of generated electricity, this results in a primary energy consumption of 2,043 GWh for 2019. Based on an estimated global energy efficiency of 85% for heat/steam/cold, this results in a primary energy consumption of 170 GWh for 2019. This yields a total primary energy consumption of 2,213 GWh for 2019. (The calculation is based on factors stated in the “Manual for energy management in practice - Systematically reducing energy costs” published by DENA, 12/2012.)
In 2019, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany's energy intensity relative to net sales totaled 0.14 kWh/€.
Water consumption
XLS |
Water withdrawal |
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|
|
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millions of m3 |
2016 |
2017 |
20181 |
20192 |
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|
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Total water withdrawal |
13.73 |
14.0 |
14.7 |
14.0 |
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Surface water (rivers, lakes) |
1.8 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
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Groundwater |
7.2 |
7.3 |
7.2 |
6.8 |
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Drinking water (from local suppliers) |
4.73 |
4.8 |
5.3 |
5.2 |
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Rain water and other sources |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
These figures do not include the ground water that we use for safety measures at our Gernsheim site in Germany. Here, the water is fed back directly into natural circulation.
Water reused
XLS |
Water reused |
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|
|
|
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millions of m3 |
2016 |
2017 |
20181 |
20192 |
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Water reused |
22.7 |
22.4 |
24.4 |
23.3 |
The recirculating cooling system at our Darmstadt, Germany facility accounts for the majority of reused water as it allows the water to be re-utilized multiple times. The volume of reused water is thus greater than the total volume of consumed water.
Wastewater volume and quality
XLS |
Wastewater volume and quality1 |
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|
|
|
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|
2016 |
2017 |
2018² |
20193 |
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Total wastewater volume (millions of m3) |
12.9 |
13.1 |
13.5 |
13.2 |
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Chemical oxygen demand (metric tons of O3) |
1,535 |
1,5374 |
1,5094 |
1,562 |
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Phosphorous (metric tons) |
12 |
8 |
104 |
12 |
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Nitrogen (metric tons) |
3784 |
234 |
2604 |
481 |
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Nickel (kg) |
29 |
32 |
304 |
32 |
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Lead (kg) |
31 |
35 |
304 |
34 |
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Cadmium (kg) |
7 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
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Mercury (kg) |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
The wastewater volume includes indirect discharge into both public-owned wastewater treatment plants of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, as well as direct discharge (such as rainwater and cooling water).
The wastewater treatment plant at our Gernsheim, Germany site also treats wastewater from the neighboring municipality of Biebesheim. The communal wastewater from Biebesheim is included in the wastewater volume as well as in the emissions stated in the table.
Emissions are determined partially based on measurements and partially based on calculations or estimates. Only some sites are required to measure individual parameters.
Hazardous and non-hazardous waste
XLS |
Hazardous and non-hazardous waste |
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|
|
|
|
|
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metric kilotons |
2016 |
2017 |
20181 |
20192 |
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|
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Total waste |
256 |
255 |
2453 |
244 |
||||||||||||||
Hazardous waste disposed4 |
47 |
43 |
44 |
44 |
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Non-hazardous waste disposed4 |
38 |
33 |
54 |
41 |
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Hazardous waste recycled5 |
82 |
72 |
753 |
78 |
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Non-hazardous waste recycled5 |
89 |
107 |
72 |
81 |
Exported/Imported hazardous waste
XLS |
Exported/Imported hazardous waste |
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|
|
|
|
|
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metric kilotons |
2016 |
2017 |
20181 |
20192 |
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|
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Exported3 |
4.6 |
4.9 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
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Imported |
0.010 |
0.005 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
In 2019, approx. 3% of hazardous waste was shipped internationally.
Waste by disposal method
XLS |
Waste by disposal method |
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|
|
|
|
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|
2016 |
2017 |
20181 |
20192 |
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|
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Total waste (metric kilotons) |
256 |
255 |
2453 |
244 |
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Disposed waste |
85 |
76 |
98 |
84 |
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Landfilled waste |
15 |
13 |
35 |
26 |
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Incinerated waste |
70 |
63 |
63 |
58 |
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Recycled waste |
171 |
179 |
1473 |
160 |
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Material recycling |
139 |
149 |
1273 |
132 |
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Waste-to-energy |
32 |
30 |
20 |
28 |
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Recycling rate (%) |
67 |
70 |
60 |
66 |
As in previous years, the total waste generated continues to be heavily influenced by the waste from construction and remodeling activities. Construction, excavation and demolition waste accounted for 31% of our waste in 2019. Around 49 metric kilotons of construction, excavation and demolition waste was recycled.
Significant spills
XLS |
Significant spills |
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|
|
|
|
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|
2016 |
2017 |
20181 |
20192 |
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|
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Total number of significant spills |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |